The Acupuncture Handbook Of Sports Injuries Pain Pdf File
MethodsWe searched 15 data sources and two trial registries up to February 2012. Randomized controlled trials of acupuncture were included if they involved patients with ankle sprains and reported outcomes of symptom improvement, including pain. A Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used. Risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed based on acupuncture type, grade of sprain, and control type.
Sensitivity analyses were also performed with respect to risk of bias, sample size, and outcomes reported. ResultsSeventeen trials involving 1820 participants were included. Trial quality was generally poor, with just three reporting adequate methods of randomization and only one a method of allocation concealment. Significantly more participants in acupuncture groups reported global symptom improvement compared with no acupuncture groups (RR of symptoms persisting with acupuncture = 0.56, 95% CI 0.42–0.77). However, this is probably an overestimate due to the heterogeneity ( I 2 = 51%) and high risk of bias of the included studies. Acupuncture as an add-on treatment also improved global symptoms compared with other treatments only, without significant variability (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.51–0.73, I 2 = 1%).
The benefit of acupuncture remained significant when the analysis was limited to two studies with a low risk of bias. Acupuncture was more effective than various controls in relieving pain, facilitating return to normal activity, and promoting quality of life, but these analyses were based on only a small number of studies. Acupuncture did not appear to be associated with adverse events.
BackgroundAcute ankle sprain is an acute injury of one or more of the ankle ligaments. Among the tendon and ligament injuries presenting to physicians, acute ankle sprain is one of the most commonly encountered musculoskeletal injuries in both athletes and sedentary people.
Ankle sprains result in high costs to society due to increased healthcare resource use and work absence. Types of interventionAcupuncture included needle acupuncture, ear acupuncture, electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture (injection of herbal medicine into acupuncture points), bee venom acupuncture, scalp acupuncture, warm acupuncture, and moxibustion. Studies that assessed the combined effect of acupuncture plus other related treatments (e.g. Acupuncture plus moxibustion) were also considered. We did not include trials testing non-penetrating acupuncture point stimulation (e.g. Acupressure, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), magnets). Trials comparing different forms of acupuncture were excluded because the efficacy of the control intervention could not be determined.
Details of acupuncture interventions were extracted and tabulated based on the revised Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA). Types of controlFor control groups, we considered placebo, usual care, and no intervention. Sham or placebo acupuncture intervention means use of a non-penetrating sham needle or superficial needling at non-acupuncture points. Usual care includes PRICE, analgesic drugs, functional exercise, and/or electrotherapy such as ultrasound or short waves. When acupuncture was given with other usual treatment, we included only those trials where identical usual treatment was administered to the acupuncture and control groups. Types of outcome measureThe primary outcome of this systematic review was patient-reported global symptom improvement at the end of treatment.
Pain intensity data were included in the review if data for global symptoms were not provided.Secondary outcomes included time to achieve pre-injury level of work or sports, subjective (e.g. Giving way) and objective (e.g. Inversion stress test, talar tilt, anterior drawer test, postural sway analysis) evaluations of ankle instability, dichotomous (e.g. Yes or no) and continuous (e.g. Visual analog scale (VAS)) data regarding swelling, recurrence of ankle sprain, subsequent surgery, or long-term treatment, health-related quality of life (e.g.
Short Form 36 (SF-36)), and adverse events related to acupuncture treatment. Literature searchWe searched the following databases from their inception to February 2012; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SPORTDiscus, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases (CNKI). We also searched Korean databases including the Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, the Korean Studies Information Service System, RISS4U, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, KOREAMED, DBPIA, and the Korea National Assembly Library. Ongoing trials were searched in trial registries at. The reference lists of reviews and relevant articles were screened for additional studies.Search terms used for the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were as follows: (“ankle injuries”MeSH OR “sprains and strains”MeSH OR “sprain.”ti, ab, kw OR “strain.”ti, ab, kw OR “injur.”ti, ab, kw OR “ankle.”ti, ab, kw) AND (“acupuncture”MeSH OR “acupuncture therapy”MeSH OR “acupunc.”ti, ab, kw OR “electroacupunc.”ti, ab, kw OR “meridian.”ti, ab, kw OR “acupoint.”ti, ab, kw OR “moxibustion.”ti, ab, kw OR “moxa.”ti, ab, kw). These search terms were slightly modified for other databases.
Trials published in English, Korean, or Chinese were sought. Study selection and data extractionTwo reviewers (Jimin Park and Ji-Yeun Park) independently reviewed all searched articles to evaluate their suitability for inclusion. If there was disagreement, it was resolved by discussion between the reviewers; further information was sought from the original authors if necessary.After selection of studies, the aforementioned two reviewers independently extracted the following data from the selected articles: author, year of publication, country, study design, participants (age, gender), duration of disease, acupuncture intervention, control intervention, outcome measures, main results, and adverse events. Risk of bias assessmentTwo reviewers (Jimin Park and Ji-Yeun Park) independently evaluated risk of bias for the included studies according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias assessment tool.
Statistical analysisReview Manager software (version 5.1 for Windows; The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used for statistical analysis. Studies were classified and combined in the main analysis according to whether acupuncture was an alternative or an add-on treatment. Data were pooled using a random effects model.
The impact of acupuncture on dichotomous data was expressed as the risk ratio (RR) of global symptoms persisting with the acupuncture intervention compared with the control, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (i.e. The RR of non-response). To define non-response, patient-reported global symptoms in ordinal assessments were divided into two groups (e.g. ‘poor’ or ‘good’ as non-response vs. ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’ as response). If different strata were used to define improvement, the cut-off point with the least improvement was taken (e.g. If the ordinal assessment was poor, good, or excellent, we utilized a poor vs.
The Acupuncture Handbook Of Sports Injuries Pain Pdf File Online
Good or excellent comparison). In summary, a RR value of less than 1 indicated a lower risk of symptoms persisting or getting worse with acupuncture compared with the control. For continuous outcomes, the mean difference (MD) with a 95% CI was calculated.Visual inspection of forest plots and a chi-square test with a significance level of p. Description of studiesOur search terms yielded 387 records: five in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, 21 in EMBASE, 42 in the CINAHL, 10 in SPORTDiscus, 10 in the AMED, two in Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source, 175 in the CNKI, 90 in PubMed, and 32 in the relevant Korean journals. After duplicate studies had been removed, 380 records were screened.
Based on the title and abstract, 322 records were excluded; 162 articles were not specific to the topic of the review and 160 were not clinical studies or were non-randomized trials. Of the remaining 58, further studies were excluded as follows. (1) Thirty-seven studies did not satisfy the inclusion criteria for acupuncture or the control intervention: these were studies that compared different acupuncture styles ( n = 9); studies of acupuncture vs. Chinese herbal medicine or bee venom, the efficacy of which has not been established ( n = 8); trials where acupuncture was given with other therapies so that the effect of acupuncture per se could not be isolated ( n = 9); and trials comparing the effect of another therapy given with acupuncture with that of acupuncture alone ( n = 11). (2) One study published in French was excluded, and (3) we failed to obtain the full texts of three studies.
Finally, 17 studies were included in our review and 16 studies reporting patient-reported global assessment outcome were pooled in the main analysis. Figure shows a flow diagram of the literature search as recommended in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Author (year)Treatment (no., cured/significantly improved/improved/failed; †, for outcome measure 1); ‡, for outcome measure 2); §, cured/improved/failed., decrease rate ≥ 5/decrease rate ≤ 5 (mean score of pain and swelling).††, significantly improved/improved/failed.‡‡, cured/significantly improved/improved.There were 4 trials which reported acupuncture alone vs. Other treatment and acupuncture plus other treatment vs. Other treatment -,.
The Acupuncture Handbook Of Sports Injuries & Pain by Whitfield ReavesThe American Association of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Blue Ribbon Panel on Inter- professional Standards has determined that dry needling and any of its alternate designations, including intramuscular manual therapy, trigger point needling, functional dry needling, intramuscular stimulation or any other method by which a needle is inserted to effect therapeutic change, is, by definition, the practice of acupuncture. Scope of practice expansion attempts made in this manner preclude necessary and adequate educational and safety standards for the procedure and practice of acupuncture. Forty-four six pending states plus the District of Columbia have statutorily defined acupuncture and the educational and certification standards required for acupuncture licensure. Modern authorities agree and describe dry needling as acupuncture. These examples demonstrate a Western medical movement to rename the procedure and practice of acupuncture as dry needling by providers other than acupuncturists. This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site.
Start by pressing the button below! Sports Injuries Home Sports Injuries. Aguirre, M.Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Want to Read saving. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions.
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Skip to main content. Download excel free windows 10. About this product. Related ProductsLet's start with a description of the TMM jin mai, jin jing. They are described as a channel network that circulates qi over the superficial aspect of the body. They travel in the 'depressions and planes between muscles and tendons. Thus, their pathways have a bit more freedom and flexibility. I suggest that the reader view the tendino-muscles meridians as a general pathway of qi in the muscles, fascia and tendons.The Third Printing is now being shipped, with a new system of stars to direct the practitioner to the most clinically effective treatments for each of the 25 sports injury and pain syndromes.
The Acupuncture Handbook of Sports Injuries and Pain is a clinical manual that integrates traditional Chinese acupuncture with western orthopedic and sports medicine. It outlines the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment protocol for 25 common sports injuries. The Acupuncture Handbook offers both insight and discipline for treating injuries and pain. For serious practitioners specializing in pain and trauma, The Acupuncture Handbook of Sports Injuries and Pain will quickly become their most valued authoritative clinical guide.
It is a well illustrated, resourceful, and easy-to-use handbook covering simple assessment techniques and treatment of 25 common musculoskeletal injuries. Using the meridian systems, motor points, and trigger points along with specific needle techniques, the reader will be able to quickly apply the information presented into clinical treatment.